Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Epidemiology of Chronic Pain and Long-Term Disability: Prepare for the Next Perfect Storm
https://archive.vn/uLJyB
An Immediate and Long-Term Complication of SARS-2 May Be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
https://archive.vn/ISwwE
>Virus causes 'brain fog' that can cause mental damage similar to the mind aging a decade, research suggests
>Some survivors recorded 8.5-point drop in IQ
https://archive.vn/TiO8D
SARS-2 related stroke in young individuals
>a 7.6-fold increase in the odds of stroke with COVID-19 compared with influenza was recently reported
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(20)30272-6/fulltext
Lungs damaged by SARS-CoV-2 may repair in 3 months depending on the damage
>average age of the patients was 61
>half were former smokers
>more than six in 10 were overweight or obese
>56% still suffering from lung damage 3 months later
>23% performed at 80% less than normal at 6 weeks, but the proportion did not improve significantly over time
http://archive.is/JuBrT
Symptomatic SARS-2-recovered - cardiac involvement in 78%, myocardial inflammation in 60%
>median age was 49 years
http://archive.is/LScJq
Vascular Alterations Among Young Adults With SARS-2
https://archive.vn/cV5ss
https://archive.vn/Olp3N
SARS-2 heart changes raise death risk; virus may be lead killer of young adults during surges
https://archive.vn/vPAS2r
14.8% of hospitalized get ARDS (mortality rate of 52.4%) http://archive.is/gIEYE
4-7% of total get ARDS
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.10.20090167v1.full.pdf
>cohort of 25 consecutive SARS-2 ARDS survivors admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation hospital (76% male)
>80% of them had at least one sonographic abnormality of diaphragm muscle structure or function.
>76% had impaired contractility (reduced thickening ratio), and
>20% patients had atrophy (reduced muscle thickness).
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.20244509v1
High rate of persistent symptoms up to 4 months after community and hospital-managed SARS-CoV-2 infection
https://archive.vn/o1dsa
SARS-CoV-2 infects brain astrocytes of SARS-2 patients and impairs neuronal viability
>median age 36
>The presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein correlated with the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the infected cells, indicating replicative virus in the brain tissue.
>We found that anxiety and cognitive impairment are manifested by 28-56% of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with mild respiratory symptoms and are associated with altered cerebral cortical thickness
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.20207464v2
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.20207464v2.full.pdf
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>We identified 35 articles consisting of 123 patients that assessed the spatial distribution of small neurological events among COVID-19 patients.
>These articles contributed 123 unique patients, with a total of 317 neurological events.
>Of these, 91 patients had grey matter changes, 95 patients had white matter changes and 72 patients had confirmed cerebral microbleeds.
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.20215640v1.full.pdf
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>association between BBB leakage in the white matter and decline in delayed recall remained significant after correction for WMH volume, cortical thickness, hippocampal volume or blood plasma volume. The association between grey matter BBB leakage and decline in delayed recall was just above significance
https://archive.vn/oDGdu
SARS-CoV-2 Can Cause Erectile Dysfunction in Men
>Research suggests negative effects on sexual health due to coronavirus
https://archive.vn/xEF7K
>Endothelial dysfunction, subclinical hypogonadism, psychological distress and impaired pulmonary hemodynamics all contribute to the potential onset of ED. Additionally, COVID-19 might exacerbate cardiovascular conditions; therefore, further increasing the risk of ED. Testicular function in COVID-19 patients requires careful investigation for the unclear association with testosterone deficiency and the possible consequences for reproductive health
https://archive.vn/52qH2
>Study claims SARS-2 depletes testosterone and weakens the immune system – and even men with no symptoms 'lose their sex drive'
https://archive.vn/rQGAF
>Male SARS-2 patients suffer from testosterone and dihydrotestosterone deficiencies
http://archive.is/TUsgC
(Though all the studies that came about testicles/testicular autopsy were all from chinks)
[chink study] Impaired spermatogenesis in SARS-2 patients
https://archive.vn/iqnXG
>Evidence for testicular injuries included reduced Leydig cells, suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis and sperm mobility. In summary, this study depicts the multi-organ proteomic landscape of COVID-19 autopsies, and uncovered dysregulated proteins and biological processes, offering novel therapeutic clues
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.20176065v2
>Abnormal findings in testicular tissue of SARS-2 patients, SARS-CoV-2 mostly undetected
>Despite the lack of direct viral injury to the sperm-containing cells, the damage to the Sertoli cells and androgen-producing Leydig cells can cause the seminiferous tubules to atrophy, and eventually, cause reduced or no sperm formation in recovered SARS2 patients
http://archive.is/IBzKU
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SARS-CoV2 infects stem cells, halting lung recovery
>Infection of stem cells and their subsequent loss can result in a decreased capacity for lung epithelial regeneration, which could be a determinant of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity
http://archive.is/9oX2Q
SARS-CoV-2 might attack red marrow and block new erythrocytes formation
>everyone who has low hemoglobin is at risk. First of all, these are elderly people, patients with high blood pressure, people with obesity and diabetes mellitus, pregnant women, patients with primary and acquired immunodeficiency, with inhibition of hematopoietic function, HIV- and cancer patients.
https://archive.vn/GK9ET
SARS-CoV-2 infects human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, impairing electrical and mechanical function
>hPSC-CMs express the viral receptor ACE2 and other viral processing factors, and that SARS-CoV-2 readily infects and replicates within hPSC-CMs, resulting in rapid cell death
> infected hPSC-CMs show a progressive impairment in both electrophysiological and contractile properties
>COVID-19-related cardiac symptoms likely result from a direct cardiotoxic effect of SARS-CoV-2
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274464v1
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274464v1.full.pdf
Modeling Multi-organ Infection by SARS-CoV-2 Using Stem Cell Technology
https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(20)30550-6
https://marlin-prod.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/8a4b94de-690f-4bd3-b7e4-d45ffa7c76cd/gr1.jpg
Reviewing findings from past studies that suggest CNS involvement of SARS-CoV-2
>Involvement of the nervous system in COVID-19: The bell should toll in the brain
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320520313217
https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0024320520313217-ga1_lrg.jpg
Acute appendicitis may be associated with SARS-2
>Researchers encourage SARS-CoV-2 testing of children with severe gastrointestinal symptoms
>Firstly, gastrointestinal symptoms occur frequently in children with COVID-19, and gastrointestinal involvement is increasingly becoming recognized among SARS-CoV-2-infected children.
>Secondly, a persistent viral infection of the gastrointestinal tract has been observed in cases of COVID-19. A study conducted earlier this year found that one-fifth of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients had detectable viral RNA in their fecal samples, even following negative conversion of viral RNA in the respiratory tract.
>In addition, researchers studying an animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection detected a higher level of viral RNA in the gastrointestinal tract than in the respiratory tract.
>The evidence to date also suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be secreted by infected intestinal cells.
>Third, the host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2, called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is expressed at high levels in the intestinal lining.
>Furthermore, “as ACE2 is present on glandular cells in the appendix, the appendix is also a viral target of SARS-CoV-2,” writes the team.
>Researchers have described four cases of children presenting with acute appendicitis who were also found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting a potential association.
>In all four cases, computed tomography of the pelvis revealed a dilated and fluid-filled appendix and fat stranding consistent with edema and acute inflammation. Polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swab samples revealed that all patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2
https://archive.vn/UGIg4
90% of coronavirus patients experience side effects (minimal severity is fatigue, loss of taste and smell, psychological issues) after recovery, study finds
>The survey of 965 recovered found fatigue was the most common reported side effect.
https://archive.vn/PdcdB
‘It’s Not in My Head’: They Survived the Coronavirus, but They Never Got Well
>Some are unable to work. Many may need long-term medical care.
>By some estimates, as many as one in three Covid-19 patients will develop symptoms that linger. The symptoms can span a wide range — piercing chest pain, deep exhaustion, a racing heart. Those affected include young and otherwise healthy people. One theory is that an overzealous immune system plays a role.
>Still, many say their biggest challenge is getting other people simply to believe them
https://archive.vn/8X2jP
Mounting Evidence Of Persistent Symptoms In SARS-2 `Long-Haulers’
>An article on Covid-19 survivors in Bergamo, Italy, 50% of whom say they still haven’t fully recovered. Doctors interviewed in Bergamo discussed a follow-up study they conducted this summer of long-term patients. About 30% still have lung scarring and breathing trouble. Another 30% have problems of inflammation and clotting, including heart abnormalities and artery blockages.
>A Dutch study indicated that a subset of patients in the “mildly symptomatic” category turn out to be substantially burdened by Covid-19 sometimes for many months.
>In the Netherlands, the Lung Foundation surveyed 1,622 Covid-19 patients who had reported a range of long-term effects from their illness. 91% of the patients had not been hospitalized. The average age of the patients surveyed was 53.
https://archive.vn/A0FvD
https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2020/09/10/covid-19-survivor-corps
Long SARS-2 patients haunted by ‘unbearable’ smells of fish, sulphur, and burnt toast
>NT (ear, nose and throat) surgeon Professor Nirmal Kumar said this “very strange and very unique” long-term symptom, known as parosmia, seems to be affecting young people and healthcare workers in particular.
>The surgeon, who is also the president of ENT UK, noticed that some patients with long-term anosmia were recovering, only to experience parosmia.
https://archive.vn/z41OW
High frequency of cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in SARS-2 patients with neuro-symptoms
>Most patients showed signs of CSF inflammation and increased levels of neurofilament light chain
>All patients had anti-neuronal autoantibodies in serum or CSF when assessing a large panel of autoantibodies against intracellular and surface antigens relevant for CNS diseases using cell-based assays and indirect immunofluorescence on murine brain sections
>Antigens included proteins well-established in clinical routine, such as Yo or NMDA receptor, but also a variety of specific undetermined epitopes on brain sections, including vessel endothelium, astrocytic proteins and neuropil of basal ganglia, hippocampus or olfactory bulb
>high frequency of autoantibodies targeting the brain in the absence of other explanations suggests a causal relationship to clinical symptoms (myoclonus, seizures)
http://archive.is/bxxGY
Blood samples from 987 gravely ill SARS-2 patients from around the world - in 10.2%, antibodies that attacked and neutralized the patients’ own type I interferon were identified. A subgroup of affected had extremely low blood levels of this interferon
>Antibodies knocked the interferon out of action and cells exposed to the patients’ plasma failed to fend off virus invasion
>No 663 people in a control group with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection had those damaging antibodies. Also they were scarce in the general population, showing up in only 0.33%
https://archive.vn/TOjUY
SARS-2 Linked to Development of Myasthenia Gravis
>MG is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by an antibody-mediated blockade of neuromuscular transmission resulting in skeletal muscle weakness. Occurs when autoantibodies form against the nicotinic acetylcholine postsynaptic receptors at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles
http://archive.is/Ok3cP
Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in SARS-2
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.20247205v2
SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of Parkinson's disease: facts and fantasy
>So far, 3 cases of parkinsonism have been reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
>two men aged 45 and 58 years, and a woman aged 35 years
>None of the male patients had a monogenic cause or known genetic predisposition for Parkinson's disease, while genetic tests were not done for the female patient. Onset was acute in the three cases (~20 days after SARS-2 diagnosis)
>Functional nigrostriatal neuroimaging was abnormal in all three cases, which implies dopaminergic nigrostriatal impairment, but is not diagnostic of Parkinson's disease
https://archive.vn/9eM8a
[Supplements this]
Parkinsonism as a Third Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic?
>There may be a myriad of potential long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric complications secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection including a potential link to worsening parkinsonism in patients with PD and possibly even delayed neurological effects including parkinsonism. It remains to be seen whether COVID-19 viral infections will be later linked to parkinsonism as is the case in other viruses.There are emerging tools available to identify parkinsonism early in the disease process
https://archive.vn/msyqb
>Extra 10,000 dementia deaths in England and Wales in April
http://archive.is/vMC5e
>Coronavirus Pandemic Led to Surge in Alzheimer’s Deaths
http://archive.is/2ZCTD
>Cerebral Micro-Structural Changes in SARS2 Patients – An MRI-based 3-month Follow-up Study
http://archive.is/5TtRR
>Determining the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, dopamine, and SARS-2 complications
https://archive.vn/fNKjT
Cutaneous Manifestations of SARS-2: A Case Series from Brazil
https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1281/866
Coronavirus and hearing loss
>Sudden hearing loss as a symptom
>Based on published case reports, it appears that sudden hearing loss is rarely a symptom of coronavirus onset.
>In a June 2020 report, several Iranian patients reported hearing loss in one ear, as well as vertigo. In another report about sudden sensorineural hearing loss and COVID-19, one Egyptian man with no other coronavirus symptoms developed sudden hearing loss, and then tested positive for coronavirus.
>But beyond those reports, not much has been published by researchers.
>Hearing loss as a complication of coronavirus infection
>What does appear to be a little more common (though still rare) is developing hearing loss or tinnitus as a complication of COVID-19 infection, meaning it's not part of the initial onset of symptoms but develops later.
>BMJ Case Reports published a case study of a 45-year-old British man who developed tinnitus and sudden hearing loss in one ear after he became critically ill with COVID-19. His hearing partially recovered after he received steroid treatment for the hearing loss.
>While it's not possible to prove that COVID-19 directly caused his hearing loss, the study authors explained, it seems very likely this was the case, especially because he didn't receive any drugs that include hearing loss as a side effect (known as ototoxicity).
https://archive.vn/ARkqD
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Sudden Hearing Loss Linked to SARS-2
https://archive.vn/cgE1Y
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Case report/theory: Sudden irreversible hearing loss post SARS-2
https://casereports.bmj.com/content/13/11/e238419
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0145561320946902
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220304586
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Vertigo and hearing loss during the SARS2 pandemic
https://www.actaitalica.it/article/view/820/368
Rundown on SARS-2 long-term symptoms/complications
https://archive.vn/GUQTV